How RNA polymerase moves

Enhancement of RNA Interference Effect in P19 EC Cells by an RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase

Background: RNA interference (RNAi) is a phenomenon uses double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to specifically inhibit gene expression. The non-specific silencing caused by interferon response to dsRNA in mammalian cells limits the potential of utilizing RNAi to study gene function. Duplexes of 21-nucleotide short interfering dsRNA (siRNA) inhibit gene expression by RNAi. In some organisms, siRNA can als...

How Dynein Moves Along Microtubules.

Cytoplasmic dynein, a member of the AAA (ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities) family of proteins, drives the processive movement of numerous intracellular cargos towards the minus end of microtubules. Here, we summarize the structural and motile properties of dynein and highlight features that distinguish this motor from kinesin-1 and myosin V, two well-studied transport motors....

Cramer’s Rule: How Information Content Moves Markets

RNA polymerase caught loitering

Time to split A yeast cell can stand out from the crowd by hastening or delaying meiosis. A yeast master regulator protein helps cells determine when to enter meiosis, as Iftach Nachman, Aviv Regev, and Sharad Ramanathan (Harvard University, Cambridge, MA) report. Starvation spurs yeast to begin meiosis. But the process is complicated and irreversible, and cells that start too early or too late...

RNA Polymerase Clamps Down

RPB1 (which is not present in bacterial RNAP) is not Gene expression in all cells requires synthesis of mRNAs resolved in the structures. by an evolutionarily conserved, multisubunit RNA polyAs RNAP transcribes (Figure 1B), DNA enters the enmerase (RNAP). A series of recent breakthroughs in zyme in the first chamber, termed the jaw-lobe module. X-ray crystallography of RNAP has begun to reveal ...